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Current Patent Strategies in Pharmaceutical Industry and their Impact on EU Competition Law Policies
Molitorisová, Alexandra ; Dobřichovský, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pítra, Vladimír (referee)
The thesis reviews current patent strategies of original pharmaceutical companies and their tangled role in the fabric of European pharmaceutical innovation and competition. It addresses several components of the European pharmaceutical industry such as regulatory framework, patent filing and dispute strategies and competition law. It argues that patent law is embedded in a broader competition law framework however plays on a separate field where it governs primarily the entry to its exclusive space by market actors. However it asserts that competition law should serve as a time referee for the patent law playfield and check if the abusive prolongation of exclusive patent position does not occur. The thesis deliberates that in view of ever rising number of patent applications, abuse of the patent system may become symptomatic to the system. The Commission data presented in the Final Report on the pharmaceutical sector inquiry are again inspected. Although data should be used with caution, it revealed a good quantitative base for assessment of a system which seemingly becomes more entropic, complex and susceptible to abuse. Therefore the underlying principles in both patent and competition law should be upheld more strongly than ever. It is the principle of fairness that should have normative force...
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Global Dimension of Rawls' Theory of Justice
Ottingerová, Lucie ; Šimsa, Martin (advisor) ; Kučera, Jan (referee)
This thesis is concerned with mapping one of the most topical discussions in the field of modern political philosophy, namely the contention about the existence, nature and extent of justice in the era of a highly globalised world. However, the clash about the existence of global justice, hitherto referred to as the clash between cosmopolitans and internationalists, is not viewed in its entirety. More specifically, this thesis aspires to make an introduction into the debate against the background of one of the most influential philosophical works of the 20th century which has significantly contributed to the delimitation of the term "justice"- Theory of Justice by John Rawls. This book incited joyful reaction from a number of cosmopolitan theorists, including most notably Charles Beitz and Thomas Pogge, who perceived it as a clear attempt at extending traditionally liberal ideals and precepts beyond the scope of nation states. The difference principle in particular caught their attention as it represented a suitable way of facilitating the ideal of social justice at global level. Nonetheless, Rawls himself rejected cosmopolitan claims. As this thesis aspires to fully comprehend the reasons that led him to such a step, it will be necessary to introduce Rawls' political philosophy in its entirety,...
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How do first graders understand fairness? Moral reasoning in the primary social sciences
Síbrová, Radka ; Dvořáková, Michaela (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the concept of fairness perception by pupils of primary school. The aim of this work is to get to know the ways in which children at primary school think about fairness and what they consider fair and unfair. The theoretical part describes approaches to the topic in terms of psychology, pedagogy and ethics. The theoretical part consists of three main chapters. The first chapter deals with the concept of fairness and possible interpretations of this word. In the second chapter, the reader reads about the different concepts of moral reasoning. The thesis introduces the reader to the concept of moral development by Jean Piaget and the stage theory of Lawrence Kohlberg. The thesis also describes some theories of moral reasoning created by some of Kohlberg's followers or critics. The third chapter identifies some determinants that can influence moral reasoning when dealing with primary school pupils. The practical part consist of a research probe concerning the moral reasoning of pupils. This research probe works with a moral dilemma created by Jean Piaget. The moral dilemma concerns the perception of fairness and works with fair punishment. This dilemma is discussed with pupils in group interviews. The research probe was conducted with pupils of the second and third grade...
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Medialization of Figure Skating during Events of Winter Olympic Games since 1990s
Tauchmanová, Věra ; Závozda, Petr (advisor) ; Děkanovský, Jan (referee)
The submitted diploma thesis deals with presentations of figure skating at Winter Olympic Games from the 1990s to the 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Sochi in two selected daily newspapers, and with ways in which the presentation of figure skating has changed within the analysed period. The first chapter presents sports journalism, its history and famous personalities, its text types and typical language, and characteristic features of a sport journalist. The second chapter presents the connection of sports and media, the concepts of agenda-setting, agenda-building and intermedia agenda, tabloidization and commercialization and ways in which news services work. The third chapter presents figure skating and figure skating events at the analysed Winter Olympic Games. The analysed media and changing paradigms of the media landscape are presented in the fourth chapter. The methodological basis used for the analyses is described in the fifth chapter. The sixth chapter presents the results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the newspaper articles. Furthermore, the interviews with two personalities of the Czech figure skating are analysed qualitatively. The results of the quantitative analysis of the articles and the qualitative analysis of the interviews are compared. Keywords figure skating,...
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Fairness and Emotions in the Ultimatum Game: Experimental Approach
Fedosová, Polina ; Korbel, Václav (advisor) ; Votápková, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines the role of emotions in the decision-making process by making individuals treated unfairly. We conducted a simple Ultimatum Game and measured emotional responses of Responders when the offer is displayed. We found significant positive relationship between the offer and intensity of neutrality and surprise experienced by Responders and significant negative effect of offer on intensity of experienced anger and disgust was detected. Further examination also indicated significant negative relationship between the action taken by Responders (rejecting or accepting the offer) and intensity of experienced anger leading us to the conclusion about the correlation between this emotion and rejection. The analysis is also complemented by validation that behavior of our sample in the Ultimatum Game follows the robust behavioral pattern (frequent rejection of positive but low offers) in this experimental game. Keywords fairness, emotions, Ultimatum Game, FaceReader, experiment
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The economics and ethics as the premises sustainable of common good and development the society
Červený, Petr ; Svoboda, Cyril (advisor) ; Mašek, Vojtěch (referee)
The presented thesis deals with the basic premises of the common good and sustainable develompent the society. The thesis deals with the themes of freedom, fairness, trust, responsibility, morality, ethics and ekonomics tested on the specific phenomenon of the Global financial crisis in 2008. The attention is focused especially on the way of thinking and behavior of humans, which played a significant role, both on the part of institutions, politicians, economists, financiers and ordinary citizens. It reveals the key factors leading to the formation of crisis. In this context it suggests possible solutions to prevent similar crises in the future.
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Current Patent Strategies in Pharmaceutical Industry and their Impact on EU Competition Law Policies
Molitorisová, Alexandra ; Dobřichovský, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pítra, Vladimír (referee)
The thesis reviews current patent strategies of original pharmaceutical companies and their tangled role in the fabric of European pharmaceutical innovation and competition. It addresses several components of the European pharmaceutical industry such as regulatory framework, patent filing and dispute strategies and competition law. It argues that patent law is embedded in a broader competition law framework however plays on a separate field where it governs primarily the entry to its exclusive space by market actors. However it asserts that competition law should serve as a time referee for the patent law playfield and check if the abusive prolongation of exclusive patent position does not occur. The thesis deliberates that in view of ever rising number of patent applications, abuse of the patent system may become symptomatic to the system. The Commission data presented in the Final Report on the pharmaceutical sector inquiry are again inspected. Although data should be used with caution, it revealed a good quantitative base for assessment of a system which seemingly becomes more entropic, complex and susceptible to abuse. Therefore the underlying principles in both patent and competition law should be upheld more strongly than ever. It is the principle of fairness that should have normative force...
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